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Winter 2023

ISSN 0890-913X

Volume 38, Number 4

Mask Mandates Increased COVID-19 Deaths in Kansas

Bryan C. McCannon, Illinois Wesleyan University, United States of America

Mark Wilson, Saint Bonaventure University, United States of America

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TheJournalofPrivateEnterprise38(4),2023,29-54MaskMandatesIncreasedCOVID-19DeathsinKansasBryanC.McCannonIllinoisWesleyanUniversityUnitedStatesofAmericaMarkWilsonSaintBonaventureUniversityUnitedStatesofAmericaAbstractWeaskwhetherfacemaskmandateswereeffectiveatreducingCOVIDrelateddeaths.WeexploredatafromKansas,aslocalpoliticalleadershadtheabilitytooptoutofthegovernor’sstatewidemandates.Exploitingthestaggeredadoptionofmandatesacrosscountiesacrosstime,weestimateadifference-in-differencesmodel.WepresentevidencethattheadoptionofamaskmandateincreasedthenumberofCOVID-relateddeaths.Inourpreferredspecification,twoadditionaldeathsariseeverythreeweeksacountyimposesamaskmandate.Weexplorethreatstoidentificationinmakingourcausalclaimandusetotalconfirmedcasesandcellphonetrackingdatatoexplorethemechanism.JELCodes:H12,I18,K32Keywords:COVID-19,deaths,facemask,FoegenEffect,Kansas,maskmandate,mortality,PeltzmanEffect,SafeGraphI.IntroductionCOVID-19devastatedtheworld.Todate,almostsevenmillionpeoplehavedied.1Duringtheheightofthepandemic,radicalstepsweretakentocombatthevirus’sspread.Theseactionsseriouslyinfringedpersonalliberty(BoettkeandPowell2021;MiozziandPowell2023a,b).Policiesincludedwidespreadbusinessandinstitutionclosures,stay-at-homeorders,andmaskmandates.Further,importantdiscrepanciesaroseacrosspoliticaljurisdictions.Differencesinwhichpolicieswereimplemented,theirduration,andtherestrictions’extensivenessexisted.Giventhepandemic’suniqueness,thesepolicieswereimplementedwithlittlehardevidenceatthetimetosupportthem.Oneimportantpolicywasthemandatetowearfacemasks.Whileaseriousknowledgeproblemexistswhenpoliticalactorsattempttomakepolicyduringsuchauniqueevent(Coyneetal.2021),

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Title	Mask Mandates Increased COVID-19 Deaths in Kansas
Authors/Creators:	Bryan C. McCannon, Illinois Wesleyan University, United States of America Mark Wilson, Saint Bonaventure University, United States of America
Year:	2023
Volume:	38
Number:	4
Pages:	29 - 54
Publisher:	The Association of Private Enterprise Education
ISSN:	0890-913X
Document Type:	Articles
Keywords:	COVID-19, deaths, face mask, Foegen Effect, Kansas, mask mandate, mortality, Peltzman Effect, SafeGraph

Citation:
C. McCannon, Bryan; Wilson, Mark / 2023. "Mask Mandates Increased COVID-19 Deaths in Kansas." The Journal of Private Enterprise, 38(4): 29-54.